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- Science:Computers(:Internet)
- The Internet - By: Matt Garner
-
- The Internet, or ænet, is a vast network of computers that connects
- many of the world's businesses, institutions, and individuals. The
- Internet is composed of many parts, including the World Wide Web, FTP,
- IRC, Newsgroups, Gopher, WAIS, Archie, and of course Electronic Mail
- (Email).
- The Internet is mainly used for communication. Email is the most
- heavily used resource of the Internet- over 40 million email messages
- are sent through the Internet a day. The second most used resource,
- called the World Wide Web, or WWW, consists of pages of words, images,
- sounds, and video.
- The Internet is continuing to grow at 40% a year, with about 20 million
- users, mainly in USA, Canada, and Australia, but still many all over the
- world. You can do many things on the Internet, such as shop for just
- about anything, bank and manage money, watch and listen to live cable
- televison and radio broadcasts, talk to other users with voice like a
- telephone, conduct international meetings, and access all kinds of
- information on any subject imaginable.
- As mentioned earlier, the WWW consists of pages and pages of text,
- images, sounds, and video. Unlike pages in a book, there is no maximum
- size for a page, and there is HyperText Links. If you click on any one
- of these links, the computer will automatically go to the page specified
- by the link. The WWW is programmed in a computer language called Hyper
- Text Markup Language, or HTML.
- Searching the Web can be a difficult thing to do, or if you use a
- search engine, it can be really easy. Since so many new web pages are
- added to the Web a day, a very good index is hard to keep, and an
- alphabetical listing of millions of web pages would be almost impossible
- to navigate through. To help this problem, people developed search
- engines that search the Web for you. Some search engines, like Yahoo,
- search in a big web directory they have made of hundreds of thousands of
- web pages, that is organized like a phonebook. Other search engines,
- like Alta Vista, or Magellan, search in a list of Web pages it has
- created as it surfed the web all by it's self.
- People usually access the Internet through a computer using a device
- called a modem. Modems connect people to the ænet through telephone
- lines. Some companies, and the "heart" of the Internet, Use Fiber-Optic
- cables to connect. Fiber-Optic cabled are made of hair-thin strands of
- glass that carry information at the speed of light as pulses of light.
- Fiber-Optics are thousands of times faster than standard copper
- telephone lines.
- The Internet began in the 1960's. In 1962, the Advanced Research
- Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense
- developed a network of computers called ARPAnet. At first, this network
- only connected military and government computer systems. The purpose was
- to make all information safe, so that in disaster or war, if one
- computer was destroyed, it's information would not be lost.
- In 1966, the ARPAnet was expanded to include universities and other
- institutions. One of the first universities to be added was Utah State
- University. Soon, large companies and corporations were added, too. By
- 1990, anyone with a computer, a modem, and Internet software could
- connect to the Internet.
- There are many things in the future of the ænet, including video
- conferencing, online virtual reality worlds, and faster Internet
- connections.
-